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Abstract: The increase in military budgets during the 1980s set off renewed discussion of the impact of Pentagon spending on the civilian economy. Like the powdered orange juice developed by NASA for astronauts, could items developed for the military be expected to have non-military applications? Should the Pentagon take the potential for such applications into account when developing new systems? Should military spending be linked to an explicit industrial policy, in which public support comes the way of new technologies judged to be promising? These questions and others would coalesce around the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) when it announces its intention to develop a new technology called High Definition Television (HDTV).